BIM Model Renderings

Exterior Rendering

Office Floor Rendering

Screenshots of Different Mass Parameters

Screen Shot 1: ·         Parametric Total Height ·         Total Height = 600 feet ·         Total East West Width = 160 feet
Screen Shot 2: ·         Parametric Height and Width ·         Base Level = 120 feet ·         Width = 40 feet ·         H2-H10 (Even Only) = 40 feet ·         H3-H9 (Odd Only) = 60 feet
Screen Shot 3: ·         Parametric Height and Angle ·         Base Level = 120 feet ·         H2-H10 (Even Only) = 40 feet ·         H3-H9 (Odd Only) = 60 feet ·         A2-A10 (Even Only) = 50 degrees ·         A3-A9 (Odd Only) = 65 degrees
Screen Shot 4: ·         Parametric Width and Angle ·         Base Level = 120 feet ·         Width = 40 feet ·         A2-A10 (Even Only) = 50 degrees ·         A3-A9 (Odd Only) = 65 degrees

Revit Issues/Comments

Aligning Masses:

The first issue I encountered was the continuous misalignment of my stacked masses whenever I would change the value of my parameters. I tried to align the sides/planes/lines of the levels and locking them but they would always break during the parametric change. I believe that the issue stems from the fact that for my initial layout of reference planes that I had in Figure 9, the two pinned planes were on the sides and did not cross through the center point. Because the pinned reference planes were on the side, the dimension changes would extend from those sides instead of through the center which for some unknown reason causes issues for Revit in terms of alignment. This issue was resolved by initially pinning the reference planes that cross through the center point. So then when I place the masses in the host family, all I needed to do was manually alignment the masses onto one another without the need for align locking.

Curtain Panels:

I was having an issue with the custom curtain panels on the Top/Bot Level Shape in which they would stick out from the sides at certain elevations and not be partially cut off like the properties settings were meant to do (Figure 22). There was one solution to set the curtain panel properties to “blank” and create adaptive curtain panels on the missing panels, however because of my curtain panels increase and decrease parametrically, I would not be able to know for certain which panels I would need to make adaptive. I believe that solving this issue with parametric quantities of adaptive panels is beyond the scope for this Project 1 but will be easily solved once the methods for Revit programming is learned for Project 2.

Figure 24: Curtain Panel Issue

BIM Modeling

 

For the BIM model, I chose to model in detail a generic floor of the Tower. I could not get a very good quality floor plan of its typical office floor but from what I could gather from cross section views of the Hearst Tower, the office area contains:

1.       A sets of 8 (4 facing 4) Elevators

2.       Desks surrounding the inner core of the floor

3.       Private offices in the small rectangular areas along the perimeter of the floor

4.       Meeting rooms in the larger rectangular areas adjacent to the private offices and also on the corners of the floors

5.       Large work room on one of the corners

6.       Storage, restrooms, or smaller workrooms in the rooms of the inner core of the floor

Figure 22: Office Floorplan

Facade Modeling

Figure 14: Facade of Hearst Tower

Figure 14 shows the Façade of the Hearst Tower which happens to also be the Diagrid system that the structure uses. To replicate the skin onto my model, I had to:  

1.       Create the glass curtain panels with horizontal mullions onto the Top and Bottom Shape masses

2.       Create a form that follows the same path as the Diagrid system of the Hearst Tower.

To achieve the first goal, I made a custom curtain panel from the stock rectangular surface pattern. The custom curtain panel is shown in Figure 15, in which there is only one solid rectangular form made from two rectangular reference lines at the corner reference points. It is only done on one side in order to prevent overlapping. For the Top Level and Bottom Level Shapes, the number of rows and columns of divided surfaces are set as a function of the width and height, there is a row of panels at every 10 feet and a column of panels at every 9 feet 6 inches for the W1 direction and 8 feet 4 inches at the W2 direction.

Figure 15: Custom Curtain Panel

For goal number 2, I needed to make a path of reference lines that wraps around the Top Level or Bottom Level Shape (Figure 16 and Figure 17). Once I have achieved this, I can create a shape for the Diagrid system at an end of the path and create a lofted solid form for the Top/Bot Level Shape by simply selecting the end shape and tab selecting every diagonal reference line around the Top/Bot Level Shape. I made the depth of the Diagonals in the Diagrid system a 1/16^th of the height of the Level Shape. The final product can be seen in Figure 20 and Figure 21.

Figure 16: Diagrid Layout

Figure 17: Reference Line Wrap

For the Base Level Façade (Figure 19), I modeled the mega-diagonals that the Hearst Tower has at its base level for additional lateral support. They are simply a solid form that is parametric with the height and width of the base level. There are 6 total mega-diagonals and I approximated their depth to be about 90% of the column depth. The façade of the space between the Columns consists of three panels where the middle panel has a vertical mullion that is significantly larger than the ones on the levels but not as thick as the columns. These panels will not increase in number as the base level gets bigger.

Figure 18: façade Conceptual Mass	Figure 19: façade Base Level
Figure 20: façade Top Level Shape	Figure 21: façade Bottom Level Shape

Modeling the Conceptual Mass

The parametric mass model for the Hearst Tower is comprised of 10 conceptual masses stacked and aligned to one another. Of the 10 masses, there are three different shapes for the conceptual mass shown in Figure 5-Figure 8. Each shape has its own unique feature, for example the top level shape has corner void extrusions that slope inward from the top face.

Figure 5: Conceptual Mass	Figure 6: Conceptual Mass
Figure 7: Top Level Shape	Figure 8: Bottom Level Shape

Top Level Shape:

To create the top level shape, I initially started with a rectangular block that is defined by 6 reference planes, and two reference levels that have two parametrically controlled dimensions, Width W1 and Width W2, which correspond to the larger width and the smaller width of the Hearst Tower respectively and the Height Hi of the level. The two reference planes that cross the center point of the grid are pinned to help enforce the alignment of all the masses (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Base Reference Planes

Once the initial mass is created, the void forms for the corner cuts need to be made in order to replicate the corner geometry that the Hearst Tower has due to the Diagrid system. To do this, I drew a trapezoid made up of reference lines on each face of the rectangular block and to connect each the corners of the shorter length of the trapezoid, I used a single 3D reference line (Figure 10). The dimensions of the trapezoid were controlled by:

1.       Height Hi: Controls the height of each of the shape and will be linked to the height determination from the user defined parameters and the host mass.

2.       Bot W1/Bot W2: Controls the bottom or shorter base length of the trapezoid. This parameter is a function of the main widths W1 and W2 of the structure.

3.       The angles of the trapezoid were kept symmetric by the aligned base lengths to the reference levels and also the “EQ’ed” dimensions from a center point intersecting reference plane to the ends of the Bot W1/Bot W2 reference lines.

Figure 10: Trapezoidial Reference Lines

Figure 11: Void Forms

Once all of the trapezoids and 3D connection lines have been drawn, I selected each corner triangle reference line to create the aforementioned void form (Figure 11). In the completed mass model, there are a total of 4 Top level shapes which are aligned with the Base level and Bottom Level shape masses. As previously mentioned, in the host family the Width W1 and Height Hi parameters of the Top level shape are linked to calculated widths and heights from the user defined parameters and their corresponding trigonometric equations.

Bottom Level Shape:

The method of creating Bottom Level Shape mass is the same as the Top Level Shape mass. The only differences between the two shapes are the angles at which the corner void forms are shaped. Also instead of the Bot W1/Bot W2 parameters, the Bottom Level mass has Top W1/Top W1 which is still a linked function of the Width W1 and W2 of the host family. There are 5 total Bottom Level Shape masses.

Base Level:

The 20 mega-columns supporting the Diagrid system of the Hearst Tower are modeled in this mass. Instead of making a large rectangular mass and creating a façade that looked like the mega-columns, I went ahead and created an extrusion for each of the 20 mega-columns as well as a thin walled mass connecting between the columns to use as a dividing surface for the façade (Figure 12). To create the masses, I drew rectangular reference lines on the sides (front, back, left, and right) of the model and set the dimensions of the rectangles to its corresponding widths and heights. Once they are drawn, I selected the rectangles and created a solid form, making an extrusion into the plane in which the rectangle was drawn on. I assumed that the columns were square and that the depth of the column was equal to a quarter of the column spacing.

Figure 12: Column at Base Level

Parametric Paths:

In the conceptual mass model of the Hearst Tower, I have set up the “parametric paths” that were mention previously within the properties of the family type. Whenever the window for the family properties is open, and under Constraints there are the options:

1.       Parametric Width: When you choose this option you will change the column spacing of the model and in turn change the widths of the model.

2.       Parametric Total Height: Choose this option to set the total height and the long width of the model. It will calculate Calc_Weq and Calc_Heq

3.       Parametric Height: This option will let you set the height of each level including the base level.

4.       Parametric Angle: Choosing this option will set the angles of the corners or isosceles triangles of the masses.

In the properties window, to select an option you change the value of the option to 1 otherwise to deselect it, you set it to 0.

In order to define all of the parameters of the mass model you would need to select two options, unless you select the Parametric total height in that case there are two dimensions (width and height) already set in that one option. If the user doesn’t select two different options or the Total option than under “Definition Check” a value of ERROR will be outputted (Figure 13). Below the Constraints parameters the Text parameters tells the user which Dimension parameter he/she needs to define depending on the options they have selected.

Figure 13: User Defined Parametric Options With Error

So depending on what option the user selects, the user will need to define the corresponding values under the dimension parameter category. In most cases, it is pretty straight forward which dimension you will need to define based on the option you choose. However the Base Level dimension parameter will need to be defined if the user doesn’t select the Parametric Total Height option.

When the user is done selecting the parameter options and inputting the corresponding dimensional values for the options, I’ve set up an if statement for the calculated values of heights and widths that are necessary for the mass to form.  I used an “OR” statement in each of the “IF” statements because I needed more than one condition to apply for the “IF” statement to be true. In short, Revit determines the parametric option combination that the user defines and then from whatever combination number it is, the calculated heights and widths (Calc_Hi or Calc_Wi) are determined. The progression of “IF” statements is as follows:

1.       If User selects options… Parameter Width, etc... Combination = ???

a.       Combination = 1 if Height and Width are selected

b.       Combination = 2 if Height and Angle are selected

c.       Combination = 3 if Width and Angle are selected

d.       Combination = 4 if Total is selected

2.       If Combination (Or PC) = 1, 2, 3 or 4

a.       Calc_Hi =  Hi (user-defined) or ½*Width*tan(Ai) or Calc_Heq

b.       Calc_Wi = Width or 2*H2/tan(A2) or Calc_Weq

c.       ***The exact equation can be found in XXX

Parametric Design Intent

For the model of the Hearst Tower, the three main elements of the tower I wanted to make parametric were the height of each of the 9 Diagrid rows/bays, the width of each of the column bays, and the angle of each of the isosceles triangles in each of the 9 Diagrid rows/bays of the Diagrid system. In order to preserve some of the symmetry in the tower structure, I limited the height, width, and angles changes to the rows of the Diagrid systems. The tower will be symmetric about an axis that is parallel to its height. The sides of the tower will have different overall widths however between the two sides, the heights angles and widths of the Diagrid elements will be equal. All of other variables (Lobby Height, angle of the inner large diagonals, etc.) will either be calculated from the Diagrid defined dimensions or in certain parametric cases, inputted by the user.

Figure 3: Hearst Tower Lobby

Figure 4: Cross Sectional View of Hearst Tower Lobby

In the Revit model, there will be a parametric path that the user chooses that is defined by which two of the main parametric dimensions the user would like to change. For example the user can decide to change the parametric height and parametric width, so from those two choices the angles of the Diagrid system will be calculated. Given three options to choose from (the height, width, and angle) the user has 3 different parametric combinations to choose from. Also in addition to the three previously mentioned combinations, the user can define the total height and width of the tower and the resulting heights, widths, and angles of the Diagrid system will be equally spaced. The parametric equations used are determined from the trigonometric equations of a simple isosceles triangle.

So in summary, the user must choose two different parametric dimensions to change which are the height of the Diagrid rows/bays, the width of the column bays, and the angles of the isosceles triangles in the Diagrid system. Once the two parametric equations are chosen, the remaining dimensions are calculated using trigonometric equations of an isosceles triangle. For the Conceptual Mass Model, the mass will be defined by the outline of the main tower and lobby. This conceptual mass will not contain the visual aspect of the Diagrid system however the tower outline will contain a similar usage of angles. Eventually, the Diagrid system will be model in the project model and will coincide with the parametric equations of the conceptual mass model.

Project 1 Introduction

My proposed building for my project is the Hearst Tower located in New York City. The Hearst Tower is owned by the Hearst Corporation who is one of the largest media conglomerates in the world. They own various media companies which include magazines, newspapers, and many television networks (i.e. ESPN, A+E, etc.). The tower is located at the intersection of 57^th and 8^th in New York City, New York. Initially the building was only 6 stories tall and was commissioned by the founder of the Hearst Corporation, William Randolph Hearst. The architect of the building was Joseph Urban, and the original building was design to be expandable to 3 more stories if necessary. The new tower was completed in 2006 and was built within the inner core of the original building in order to keep the cast stone façade. This new tower was designed by Norman Foster of Foster + Partners. The Hearst Tower was LEED Gold certified and became the first “green” high rise office building to be completed in New York.

Figure 1: Hearst Tower

Figure 2: Original 6 Story Corporate Office

The Hearst Tower is approximately 600 ft tall with a rectangular base that is about 160 ft x 120 ft. The tower has 44 stories, and an 80 ft lobby that contains 2 sets of large diagonal braces and 12 mega-columns. The existing 6 story structure has a footprint of about 200 ft x 200 ft. One of its main features is the exposed lateral bracing system on the building’s outer wall called a Diagrid. It uses triangular elements in the brace to resist any lateral and gravity forces on the structure and remove the exterior columns to give a more open look from within the tower. The Diagrid system is only located on the 44 stories exterior walls and each row of triangular elements spans 4 stories on the tower. There are 9 sets of these triangular rows. The mega-columns in the 80 ft lobby support the Diagrid system and 44 stories in the tower. They are equally spaced from one another and set of large diagonals that are attached to them, are only located on the inner three mega-columns that are on the 160 ft side of the tower.